Rebuilding Providence beyond downtown
Providence Journal
01:00 AM EDT on Sunday, June 1, 2008
PROVIDENCE — Thousands of people from around the world gathered here last weekend for the annual graduation exercises at Brown University.
They attended dinners, cocktail parties, educational forums, alumni reunions and the actual commencement on a beautiful spring day on the college green. The group, including members of the business, academic and political elite who have benefited from an Ivy League education, also got a good look at downtown Providence.
Many, especially the old timers, were amazed at how the city has changed. They talked about the historic preservation on the East Side, the new condo towers, the Providence Place mall and WaterFire Providence on a river that was once covered over as an embarrassment and now is celebrated.
It’s too bad that all the visitors didn’t get a chance to see the rest of Providence.
They would have understood that the city is more than just the downtown. It’s the urban core of Rhode Island and includes adjacent neighborhoods in places such as Olneyville, the West End and South Providence and spills into the cities of Pawtucket, Central Falls and Cranston. It’s all one metropolitan region.
Many of those areas have not enjoyed the renaissance of downtown Providence. In fact, some of the development gains earlier this decade are in danger of being reversed as an increasing number of foreclosures destabilizes neighborhoods, investment dries up and pockets of unemployment expand as Rhode Island’s recession deepens.
The history here and elsewhere shows that urban areas develop, or deteriorate, based on what goes on at the intersection of public policy and private investment. When courageous, visionary political leaders work with enlightened business executives, the entire community benefits.
Central cities get rebuilt. Neighborhoods form. Jobs are created. Developers make money.
I had those thoughts in mind when I sat in on one of the educational seminars put on during Brown’s weekend. It was called, Transforming Urban Places, and was organized by the alumni of the university’s 35-year-old Urban Studies Program. The speakers talked about rebuilding blocks of New York City after the destruction of the World Trade Center, the development of Asian cities, and the preservation of Providence.
Kathryn Kerrigan, former vice president, external affairs, Alliance for Downtown New York, said the revitalization of a 13-acre site in Lower Manhattan, and adjacent neighborhoods, is already seven years old and has been slowed by the shear scope of the project, competing business interests and a disruption of political leadership.
She said the goal from the start has been to nurture small businesses in the area, bring back the companies that were tenants in the destroyed buildings and reestablish the residential community.
The work has been slow going, however, because of the scale of rebuilding the infrastructure, such as reestablishing electricity, telecommunications and other basic services.
But Kerrigan also said, “In Lower Manhattan, there are so many cooks in the kitchen … the private sector is in place, but it will take many more years to sort it all out.”
She added the turnover of political leaders who set policy, provide guidance and mediate disputes and use their clout to push projects forward also has caused delays. She mentioned the “Spitzer debacle,” referring to the resignation of Gov. Eliot Spitzer.
The lack of strong political leadership has not delayed development in Asia. In fact, the absence of government regulation and involvement has sparked a boom in construction and investment in Hong Kong, Singapore and Shanghai, said John So, director of Fund Management, Asia Pacific, for Grosvenor, an international, privately owned property development group.
But the casualty of all the development is the historic, architecturally significant structures that connect the region and its people to their past. He said the new commercial and housing projects are often monotonous, and do not enhance the quality of life. In Hong Kong, the government’s laissez-faire approach has allowed widespread bulldozing of property to make way for new construction because it’s less expensive than historic preservation.
In contrast, Singapore, with less pressure for land, a smaller surge of immigrants and a lower population density, has been a successful innovator and builder of housing. The area has been called the “Switzerland of Asia.”
Preservation was also the theme of the remarks of Barnaby Evans, the creator of WaterFire, who called Providence’s development history “a microcosm for preservation.”
He explained that in the 1950s and 1960s, federal urban renewal dollars were shipped to many cities, including Providence. But while leaders in other places used the money to level older neighborhoods, that did not happen in Providence.
“The money was diverted creatively and was not used to tear down buildings and leave a mess,” he quipped.
As a result, the city’s historic architecture was still intact when preservationists later organized to save structures and the unique fabric of the city.
He also credited two former mayors, Joseph Paolino and Vincent A “Buddy” Cianci Jr., with promoting the arts community as an economic stimulus.
“Providence focused on the art community as a development tool,” he said.
WaterFire is an outgrowth of that focus.
The event creates a social space that draws on the strength of the river to bring people together who enjoy city life, Evan said. Besides being a cultural success, WaterFire has also attracted thousands to Providence and boosted the city commercially by calling attention to its development.
Forward-thinking leaders in the political, business and arts communities drove Providence to draw on its strengths and avoid bad decisions made in other cities.
“Commercial pressure always trumps public good unless you have strong leadership,” he said.
The visitors at Brown who walked down the hill during their weekend gathering to see WaterFire also could have stopped by a special presentation on the city’s development in the late 1880s.
They would have noted that Providence back then was evolving from a mercantile to a textile city. The river was covered over with planks and bricks and an inland, saltwater cove became a hub of an industrial city.
Now, the river has been uncovered. People flock to downtown events. The cove is gone. A new mall filled with shoppers has taken its place.
Who says cities, with strong public and private leadership, can’t change. The challenge now is to extend that development throughout the urban area.
jkostrze@projo.com